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16:30 | Applied Micro Research Seminar
Tilburg University, The Netherlands
Author: Jan Kabátek
Abstract: This paper develops a dynamic structural model of labor supply, fertility and childcare demand of married and cohabiting women in the Netherlands. The model is estimated using a rich administrative panel covering 2001 through 2009, which provides high-quality information about individual labor market histories and childcare expenditures. Identification is aided by exploiting two large-scale reforms of Dutch family policy which raised the government spending on in-work tax credits (IWTC), and childcare subsidies, respectively. Resulting variation in the tax and subsidy rates is explicitly incorporated in the budget constraint. The estimated structural parameters are used for a counterfactual analysis, comparing predicted outcomes of several reform scenarios, including the two manifested reforms of Dutch family policy. Both IWTC and childcare subsidies are shown to induce similar changes in the maternal labor supply, but the fertility and childcare demand is stimulated more by the child- care reform. Furthermore, changes in fertility patterns raise the budgetary costs of the childcare subsidies, as more children become eligible for subsidized childcare in the years after the implementation.
JEL classification codes: C25, C52, H31, J22
Keywords: Maternal labor supply, fertility, childcare subsidies, in-work tax credits
16:30 | Applied Micro Research Seminar
Aalto University, Helsinki, Finland
Authors: Manuel Bagues, Mauro Sylos Labini, and Natalia Zinovyeva
Abstract: This paper analyzes the impact of connections in scientific committees. We use evidence from Italy, where candidates to Full and Associate Professor positions are evaluated in a nation-wide examination. In 2012 and 2013 these evaluations involved around 69,000 applications and 1,000 (randomly chosen) evaluators in all academic disciplines. The process is characterized by an unusual degree of transparency: all applications, evaluation criteria and individual assessments are publicized online. Nonetheless, the presence of a co-author or a colleague in the committee has a negative impact on the probability that potential candidates’ apply, perhaps because they have access to better information, and it has a positive impact on their overall chances of success. Interestingly, the magnitude of the connection premium does not depend on the quality of evaluators and is unaffected by the presence in the committee of a foreign expert.
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